Prolactinoma

Prolactinoma is a common type of non-cancerous tumor that develops in the pituitary gland, resulting in the overproduction of the hormone prolactin. The effect of increased prolactin is a decrease in levels of some sex hormones, testosterone in men and estrogen in women. While prolactin is not considered life-threatening, it still has its negative effects such as vision impairment and infertility.

The cause of prolactinoma remains unknown, although studies attribute this condition to medications and underactive thyroid glands. Despite the pituitary gland’s small size, it greatly influences nearly every part of our body. Prolactin hormone production help regulate important functions such as growth, blood pressure, and reproduction.

Symptoms or signs of prolactinoma are not always apparent or noticeable. When symptoms of prolactinoma are present, traces of excessive prolactin in your blood (hyperprolactinemia) is evident or other symptoms may present if the tumor is large and causing pressure in the surrounding brain tissues. Because of the low estrogen and testosterone levels that occur due to elevated prolactin, symptoms of prolactinoma are specific to females or males.

Symptoms of prolactinoma in women:

• Infertility
• Difficulty getting pregnant
• Milky breast discharge
• Absent or irregular periods
• Decreased sex drive
• Vaginal dryness
• Low bone density

Symptoms of prolactinoma in men:

• Decreased sex drive
• Erectile dysfunction
• Infertility
• Headache
• Visual problems
• Milky breast discharge (rare)
• Low bone density
  

To diagnose prolactinoma, Robert Louis, MD, who has the experience and training in diagnosing prolactinoma, will conduct thorough medical history, and physical tests. Standard diagnostic tests for prolactinoma include blood tests, MRI, and a vision test.

Prolactinoma treatment will depend on multiple factors, including the size and location of the tumor, age, and overall health condition of the patient. Treatment options include:

Medication - Oral medications can help regulate or decrease the production of prolactin and eliminate symptoms. Medications may also shrink the tumor.

Endonasal Endoscopy - A technique that allows an endoscope to be threaded through the nose and sinus to reach and remove pituitary adenoma.

Conventional Craniotomy - If the tumor is too large or has spread in the surrounding tissues, a conventional craniotomy may be required.

Radiation Therapy -  This treatment option is considered if the patient does not respond to medication and cannot undergo surgery.